Singapore No. 1 out of 157 countries in new index on investing in education, health
World Bank rating looks at how economies maximise people's potential
By Linda Yulisman, Indonesia Correspondent In Nusa Dua (Bali), The Straits Times, 12 Oct 2018
A new index, which measures how effectively societies devote resources to develop their people, shows Singapore topping the list.
The Human Capital Index (HCI), launched by the World Bank at its annual meetings in Bali yesterday, also saw three East Asian economies faring well, with South Korea, Japan and Hong Kong ranked second, third and fourth out of 157 economies, respectively.
The results, the global lender said, show that Singapore's efforts to invest in the education and health of its people will lead to children born in the Republic today being able to fulfil 88 per cent of their potential to be productive when they turn 18, should they get a full education and enjoy good health.
"All of Singapore's secondary school students are prepared for a post-secondary education and the world of work," it said in a report.
The HCI is part of the Washington-based lender's Human Capital Project to get countries to improve their investment in people, and was launched at the start of the International Monetary Fund-World Bank annual meetings.
"Investing in health and education has not gotten the attention it deserves. This index creates a direct line between improving outcomes in health and education, productivity and economic growth," said World Bank Group president Jim Yong Kim. "I hope it drives countries to take urgent action and invest more - and more effectively - in their people."
The HCI measures how countries are developing their human capital based on five indicators - the probability of survival to age five, a child's expected years of schooling, test scores, the adult survival rate and the proportion of children under five who suffer from stunted growth.
The index found that about 56 per cent of all children born around the world today will lose more than half of their potential lifetime earnings if governments do not take appropriate steps to prepare for healthy and educated populations.
Human capital refers to the knowledge, skills and health, among other things, that people accumulate over their lives.
The World Bank said investments in it have been a key factor behind the sustained economic growth and poverty reduction rates of many countries in the 20th century, especially in East Asia.
"Policies to build human capital are some of the smartest investments that countries can make to boost long-term, inclusive economic growth," Dr Kim said, pointing out that a quarter of children are likely to fail to meet their full potential because of malnutrition and diseases that cause stunting.
World Bank rating looks at how economies maximise people's potential
By Linda Yulisman, Indonesia Correspondent In Nusa Dua (Bali), The Straits Times, 12 Oct 2018
The Human Capital Index (HCI), launched by the World Bank at its annual meetings in Bali yesterday, also saw three East Asian economies faring well, with South Korea, Japan and Hong Kong ranked second, third and fourth out of 157 economies, respectively.
The results, the global lender said, show that Singapore's efforts to invest in the education and health of its people will lead to children born in the Republic today being able to fulfil 88 per cent of their potential to be productive when they turn 18, should they get a full education and enjoy good health.
"All of Singapore's secondary school students are prepared for a post-secondary education and the world of work," it said in a report.
The HCI is part of the Washington-based lender's Human Capital Project to get countries to improve their investment in people, and was launched at the start of the International Monetary Fund-World Bank annual meetings.
"Investing in health and education has not gotten the attention it deserves. This index creates a direct line between improving outcomes in health and education, productivity and economic growth," said World Bank Group president Jim Yong Kim. "I hope it drives countries to take urgent action and invest more - and more effectively - in their people."
The HCI measures how countries are developing their human capital based on five indicators - the probability of survival to age five, a child's expected years of schooling, test scores, the adult survival rate and the proportion of children under five who suffer from stunted growth.
The index found that about 56 per cent of all children born around the world today will lose more than half of their potential lifetime earnings if governments do not take appropriate steps to prepare for healthy and educated populations.
Human capital refers to the knowledge, skills and health, among other things, that people accumulate over their lives.
The World Bank said investments in it have been a key factor behind the sustained economic growth and poverty reduction rates of many countries in the 20th century, especially in East Asia.
"Policies to build human capital are some of the smartest investments that countries can make to boost long-term, inclusive economic growth," Dr Kim said, pointing out that a quarter of children are likely to fail to meet their full potential because of malnutrition and diseases that cause stunting.
"If a country's children grow up unable to meet the needs of the future workplace, that country will find itself incapable of employing its people, unable to increase its output and utterly unprepared to compete economically," he added.
He cited the success of Vietnam, among the best performers in South-east Asia, as a country that managed to improve educational outcomes through increased spending - following the paths taken by other Asian peers such as China.
Vietnam ranked 48th on the index, with members of its population set to achieve 67 per cent of their future economic potential. Indonesia, however, ranked only 87th, and will see its population realise 53 per cent of their potential.
He cited the success of Vietnam, among the best performers in South-east Asia, as a country that managed to improve educational outcomes through increased spending - following the paths taken by other Asian peers such as China.
Vietnam ranked 48th on the index, with members of its population set to achieve 67 per cent of their future economic potential. Indonesia, however, ranked only 87th, and will see its population realise 53 per cent of their potential.
Dr Kim said Indonesia was one of the "early adopters" of the World Bank's advice to move up the index, pointing out that 20 per cent of spending in the national budget was set aside for education. However, it still needed to work on some issues, such as reducing stunting, he said.
The evidence shows progress is possible, the bank said, citing education reforms in Poland and a reduction in stunting in Malawi.
What’s the math behind the #HumanCapital Index? Five indicators that research links to productivity:— World Bank (@WorldBank) October 11, 2018
✅Child survival
✅School enrollment
✅Quality of learning
✅Healthy growth
✅Adult Survival
Learn more https://t.co/CF8FCJyJgJ #InvestInPeople pic.twitter.com/1DzQpP1xvB
World Bank chief says Singapore's top ranking in human capital is not because it was 'full of crazy rich Asians 50 years ago'
By Yasmine Yahya, Senior Political Correspondent, The Straits Times, 12 Oct 2018
NUSA DUA (Bali) • Singapore got its top-of-the-world healthcare and education systems because its leaders took the necessary steps to develop them, and not because it was filled with "crazy rich Asians".
World Bank Group president Jim Yong Kim made the comment at the Human Capital Summit yesterday, referencing the popular novel and movie set in the Republic to make a point about how world leaders have to invest more in healthcare and education in their countries.
Dr Kim was speaking at a dialogue with Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, who shared the early steps the Singapore Government took after independence to lay the foundation for its healthcare and education systems.
"The most remarkable thing about Singapore is that this was not a country full of crazy rich Asians 50 years ago," Dr Kim said, to laughter from the audience.
"This was a country that went from having low literacy rates and developing-country kind of mortality numbers to where it is now because leaders took responsibility and said, 'We are going to measure it, we will get there and try all the different innovations'."
Earlier yesterday, the World Bank launched its inaugural Human Capital Index, which saw Singapore top the list of how economies invested in people.
Still, PM Lee noted that "the job is never done" because as the country reaches new levels of development, new expectations and challenges arise.
Take education. Although Singapore has a reasonably good education system, it has to pay a lot more attention to pre-school education, the Prime Minister said.
"Children come at the age of six to school at quite different levels, some able to read, some able to write, but some barely literate or able to recognise letters of the alphabet," he said. "We want to bring everybody to a good starting point as early as possible in life, regardless of whether you are rich or poor, whether your parents are advantaged or disadvantaged."
In healthcare, Singapore has to focus on step-down care and active ageing so that people stay fit and healthy for a longer time. "We have got old folk in their 70s and 80s who are learning to dance ballet and doing not badly, and they are much healthier and happier for it," he said.
Dr Kim said it was also "stunning" that Singapore has achieved its current outcomes even though it spends just 4.6 per cent of its gross domestic product (GDP) on healthcare. The US spends about 18 per cent of its GDP on healthcare, while most European countries spend 10 per cent to 12 per cent.
Dr Kim also noted that investments in healthcare and education are correlated to economic growth, and urged governments to step up work in these two areas.
When asked what countries should do if they wanted to follow in Singapore's footsteps, PM Lee said the starting point for the government must be "that we want to improve lives for all of the population, not just some of it".
"If you do that, then as people's basic lives improve and they have control over their lives, a roof over their heads, they can start thinking about their future and what they want their children to do.
"Then you can talk about public health and about improving and optimising your healthcare system, and you can talk about having a good education system. From that, you have more growth, you have more prosperity and you can make further progress with your social services," he said.
By Yasmine Yahya, Senior Political Correspondent, The Straits Times, 12 Oct 2018
World Bank Group president Jim Yong Kim made the comment at the Human Capital Summit yesterday, referencing the popular novel and movie set in the Republic to make a point about how world leaders have to invest more in healthcare and education in their countries.
Dr Kim was speaking at a dialogue with Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, who shared the early steps the Singapore Government took after independence to lay the foundation for its healthcare and education systems.
"The most remarkable thing about Singapore is that this was not a country full of crazy rich Asians 50 years ago," Dr Kim said, to laughter from the audience.
"This was a country that went from having low literacy rates and developing-country kind of mortality numbers to where it is now because leaders took responsibility and said, 'We are going to measure it, we will get there and try all the different innovations'."
Earlier yesterday, the World Bank launched its inaugural Human Capital Index, which saw Singapore top the list of how economies invested in people.
Still, PM Lee noted that "the job is never done" because as the country reaches new levels of development, new expectations and challenges arise.
Take education. Although Singapore has a reasonably good education system, it has to pay a lot more attention to pre-school education, the Prime Minister said.
"Children come at the age of six to school at quite different levels, some able to read, some able to write, but some barely literate or able to recognise letters of the alphabet," he said. "We want to bring everybody to a good starting point as early as possible in life, regardless of whether you are rich or poor, whether your parents are advantaged or disadvantaged."
In healthcare, Singapore has to focus on step-down care and active ageing so that people stay fit and healthy for a longer time. "We have got old folk in their 70s and 80s who are learning to dance ballet and doing not badly, and they are much healthier and happier for it," he said.
Dr Kim said it was also "stunning" that Singapore has achieved its current outcomes even though it spends just 4.6 per cent of its gross domestic product (GDP) on healthcare. The US spends about 18 per cent of its GDP on healthcare, while most European countries spend 10 per cent to 12 per cent.
Dr Kim also noted that investments in healthcare and education are correlated to economic growth, and urged governments to step up work in these two areas.
When asked what countries should do if they wanted to follow in Singapore's footsteps, PM Lee said the starting point for the government must be "that we want to improve lives for all of the population, not just some of it".
Singapore PM Lee: We want to improve lives for all of the population. If we do that, then we can talk about public health, a good education system & then from that you have more growth & prosperity. But you have to have that desire to make the benefits go very broadly. pic.twitter.com/vXzOt5JX9J— World Bank (@WorldBank) October 11, 2018
"If you do that, then as people's basic lives improve and they have control over their lives, a roof over their heads, they can start thinking about their future and what they want their children to do.
"Then you can talk about public health and about improving and optimising your healthcare system, and you can talk about having a good education system. From that, you have more growth, you have more prosperity and you can make further progress with your social services," he said.
See some snapshots from our @WorldBankLive event on the Human Capital Summit: A Global Call To Action.— World Bank (@WorldBank) October 12, 2018
WATCH the VIDEO REPLAY 📹 and discover why countries must #InvestInPeople: https://t.co/xfCxDpjw1Z #WBGMeetings pic.twitter.com/uVmoNKs4Wa
‘Job is never done’: PM Lee says health, education policies must evolve even after topping global index
By Amir Yusof, Channel NewsAsia, 11 Oct 2018
BALI: Singapore must continue to evolve its policies in education and healthcare, said Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong on Thursday (Oct 11), even as the country topped global rankings which cover these areas.
Mr Lee, who was at the Human Capital Summit dialogue alongside World Bank president Jim Yong Kim, said that despite the progress made in these fields, “the job is never done” as new expectations and new challenges will develop.
Singapore topped the World Bank Group's Human Capital Index, which ranks 157 countries based on the productivity of the next generation's workers.
The rankings, based on health, education and survivability measures, assess the future productivity and earnings potential for citizens of the World Bank's member nations, and ultimately those countries' potential economic growth.
Mr Lee highlighted that while Singapore has a good education system, there is still scope to improve pre-school levels.
“Children come at the age of six to school at quite different levels, some able to read, some able to write, but some barely literate or able to recognise letters of the alphabet," said Mr Lee.
"We want to bring everybody to a good starting point as early as possible in life, regardless of whether you are rich or poor, whether your parents are advantaged or disadvantaged,” he added.
Meanwhile for healthcare, Mr Lee said Singapore is looking to boost step-down care facilities, as some of the country’s older generation may be unwell, but they do not require intensive medical treatment.
"We've got old folks in their 70s and 80s who are learning to dance ballet and doing not badly, and they're much healthier and happier for it," he said.
When asked how countries can replicate Singapore’s achievements, Mr Lee said the “first starting point for the government must be ... to improve the lives for all of the population, not just some of it.”
“If you do that, then as people's basic lives improve and they have control over their lives, a roof over their heads, they can start thinking about their future and what they want their children to do."
"Then you can talk about public health and about improving and optimising your healthcare system, and you can talk about having a good education system," he said.
He was also asked how Singapore has come so far since its independence 53 years ago. Mr Lee mentioned how, during the initial years, it had to implement family planning programmes to bring down the birth rate and introduce health care policies requiring patients to co-pay medical prescriptions.
By Amir Yusof, Channel NewsAsia, 11 Oct 2018
Mr Lee, who was at the Human Capital Summit dialogue alongside World Bank president Jim Yong Kim, said that despite the progress made in these fields, “the job is never done” as new expectations and new challenges will develop.
Singapore topped the World Bank Group's Human Capital Index, which ranks 157 countries based on the productivity of the next generation's workers.
The rankings, based on health, education and survivability measures, assess the future productivity and earnings potential for citizens of the World Bank's member nations, and ultimately those countries' potential economic growth.
Mr Lee highlighted that while Singapore has a good education system, there is still scope to improve pre-school levels.
“Children come at the age of six to school at quite different levels, some able to read, some able to write, but some barely literate or able to recognise letters of the alphabet," said Mr Lee.
"We want to bring everybody to a good starting point as early as possible in life, regardless of whether you are rich or poor, whether your parents are advantaged or disadvantaged,” he added.
Meanwhile for healthcare, Mr Lee said Singapore is looking to boost step-down care facilities, as some of the country’s older generation may be unwell, but they do not require intensive medical treatment.
"We've got old folks in their 70s and 80s who are learning to dance ballet and doing not badly, and they're much healthier and happier for it," he said.
When asked how countries can replicate Singapore’s achievements, Mr Lee said the “first starting point for the government must be ... to improve the lives for all of the population, not just some of it.”
“If you do that, then as people's basic lives improve and they have control over their lives, a roof over their heads, they can start thinking about their future and what they want their children to do."
"Then you can talk about public health and about improving and optimising your healthcare system, and you can talk about having a good education system," he said.
He was also asked how Singapore has come so far since its independence 53 years ago. Mr Lee mentioned how, during the initial years, it had to implement family planning programmes to bring down the birth rate and introduce health care policies requiring patients to co-pay medical prescriptions.
PM Lee Hsien Loong: When it comes to developing people, the job is never done
New challenges ahead for Singapore as it seeks to develop its human capital
By Lee Hsien Loong, Published The Straits Times, 13 Oct 2018
Singapore has always heavily emphasised human capital. Our basic philosophy is to maximise our people's potential and abilities.
We help each citizen to improve himself or herself, and we share the benefits of progress widely among all. In this way, we have vastly improved the lives of all Singaporeans.
At independence in 1965, Singapore's standards of housing, public health, literacy and economic development were abysmal. Barely half of each cohort of children went beyond primary school education.
Many Singaporeans lived in slums and villages. Sanitation was poor, we had regular outbreaks of cholera and tuberculosis was prevalent. The post-war baby boom and population explosion put great pressure on public services.
In the early 1960s, Kandang Kerbau Hospital in Singapore was delivering more babies than any other maternity hospital in the world.
The Government desperately needed to get the situation under control. We launched a crash programme of public housing, building tens of thousands of HDB (Housing Board) flats yearly.
We built schools all over the island, and operated morning and afternoon sessions to make double use of the infrastructure.
We launched a family planning programme, and improved maternal and child health, with inoculation and school milk programmes. By the 1970s, we had achieved a new baseline for everyone, and could take the next step to raise education and healthcare standards further.
EDUCATION
Although by then nearly every child went to school, education outcomes were poor. Dropout rates were high. Students were promoted from level to level, whether or not they passed.
Some left school practically illiterate, speaking none of the official languages, and unprepared for the job market. The SAF (Singapore Armed Forces) even had to organise special "Hokkien platoons" to manage and train national servicemen who spoke only Hokkien.
Initially, students studied in four different language streams.
Gradually, we brought the English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil schools into one national school system. English became the common medium of instruction, with the mother tongue taught as a second language.
Starting around 1980, we embarked on major education reform. The architect was Dr Goh Keng Swee, previously the minister for defence. He brought in system engineers from Mindef (Ministry of Defence) to overhaul the whole education system.
He introduced ability-based streaming, and improved the curriculum to strengthen basic language, mathematics and science education. The "Singapore method" for teaching mathematics, much admired today, was introduced in 1983.
We expanded post-secondary education, investing heavily in polytechnics and vocational institutes, both the campuses and the courses. The aim was to equip students with practical knowledge and skills that would help them find productive, well-paid jobs.
We thus avoided the high graduate unemployment experienced by countries which had hugely expanded university education without regard to job opportunities.
These reforms lasted us for about 10 to 15 years. But by the 1990s, it became evident that the school system had become over-centralised, rigid and lacked specialisation. Hence, we embarked on a second phase of reforms.
First, we created diverse pathways for students to progress through the education system. We introduced a Normal (Technical) stream in secondary schools for those suited to less academically oriented, more technical education. This enabled most students to complete secondary education, and go on to post-secondary, applied-oriented education.
We also encouraged schools to develop their own identities and niche specialities such as sports, arts or robotics. We created specialised schools - the NUS High School of Mathematics and Science, the School of Science and Technology, the Singapore Sports School, the School of the Arts and, for students who have difficulty with the mainstream curriculum, NorthLight School and Assumption Pathway School.
Second, we upgraded the teaching profession. We raised salaries significantly to match what a good graduate could earn in the private sector. This enabled us to hire teachers from among the better graduates of every school-leaving cohort.
We invested in the professional training of educators at different stages of their careers, and created different career tracks for education officers: a leadership track for heads of departments and school leaders, a specialist track for subject area and curriculum design specialists, and a teaching track for those with a gift and passion for teaching.
Third, we improved oversight while empowering educators. We grouped schools into clusters, each headed by an experienced cluster superintendent. We promoted talented school leaders fast, to create a cadre of young, dynamic school principals, and gave them the resources and the authority to make decisions. For example, schools could hire extra staff, fund enrichment programmes or subsidise study trips, and distinguish themselves with different strengths and focus areas.
Our slogan is "every school is a good school". It does not mean all schools are identical, or have the same student profiles. But each school provides its students with a good education, and each gets good teachers and the resources to be good in its own way.
HEALTHCARE
Similarly, with healthcare, the slum clearance and extensive public housing programme in the early years enabled us to achieve a basic standard of public health.
After this, we focused on raising quality while ensuring financial sustainability. The Government provided extensive healthcare subsidies, but healthcare was never free. In fact, one of the first things the People's Action Party Government did when it was first elected in 1959 was to charge a small token for prescriptions to discourage wastage.
We paid attention to both the demand and supply sides of healthcare. On the demand side, we kept the basic principle of personal responsibility to complement state funding. We sought to avoid the pitfalls of a purely tax-based or insurance-based system, free at point of use, like in Britain or the United States. We introduced compulsory personal health savings (MediSave) that could be used for inpatient treatment in 1984. Later, we introduced catastrophic medical insurance (MediShield Life) and long-term disability insurance (CareShield Life), with premiums paid out of MediSave balances. We also created MediFund, a safety net to help patients who despite these schemes still had difficulty paying their medical bills.
On the supply side, we reorganised government hospitals to improve financial discipline without becoming profit-driven.
Hospitals used to be government departments, oblivious of their operating costs. We converted them into "restructured hospitals": autonomous, not-for-profit entities, still owned by the Government, but required to balance their budgets.
Private hospitals exist, but with the public sector serving three in four inpatients, the Government maintains strong influence over the sector.
In recent years, we have enhanced step-down care, especially by building community hospitals, for patients who need to stay longer in hospital but do not need high-tech, tertiary care.
Our primary care network includes government polyclinics across the island, and private general practitioner clinics which see a large proportion of outpatient cases. The Community Health Assist Scheme (Chas) now subsidises outpatient care by private GPs, especially for chronic illnesses like diabetes and hypertension.
Currently, our infant mortality rate is 2.2 per 1,000 live births, and life expectancy is 80.9 years for men and 85.5 years for women, among the best in the world. Our national healthcare spending is 4.6 per cent of GDP, lower than most developed countries. Our combination of public and private medical care has delivered good health outcomes at affordable cost.
FUTURE CHALLENGES
The World Bank has ranked Singapore No. 1 in their Human Capital Index, but we have not arrived. We must continue updating our policies to support the changing needs of the economy and the aspirations of our people.
For education, this includes starting earlier in life, improving pre-school and making it more affordable, to bring all children to a more equal starting point.
Our slogan is "every school is a good school". It does not mean all schools are identical, or have the same student profiles. But each school provides its students with a good education, and each gets good teachers and the resources to be good in its own way.
HEALTHCARE
Similarly, with healthcare, the slum clearance and extensive public housing programme in the early years enabled us to achieve a basic standard of public health.
After this, we focused on raising quality while ensuring financial sustainability. The Government provided extensive healthcare subsidies, but healthcare was never free. In fact, one of the first things the People's Action Party Government did when it was first elected in 1959 was to charge a small token for prescriptions to discourage wastage.
We paid attention to both the demand and supply sides of healthcare. On the demand side, we kept the basic principle of personal responsibility to complement state funding. We sought to avoid the pitfalls of a purely tax-based or insurance-based system, free at point of use, like in Britain or the United States. We introduced compulsory personal health savings (MediSave) that could be used for inpatient treatment in 1984. Later, we introduced catastrophic medical insurance (MediShield Life) and long-term disability insurance (CareShield Life), with premiums paid out of MediSave balances. We also created MediFund, a safety net to help patients who despite these schemes still had difficulty paying their medical bills.
On the supply side, we reorganised government hospitals to improve financial discipline without becoming profit-driven.
Hospitals used to be government departments, oblivious of their operating costs. We converted them into "restructured hospitals": autonomous, not-for-profit entities, still owned by the Government, but required to balance their budgets.
Private hospitals exist, but with the public sector serving three in four inpatients, the Government maintains strong influence over the sector.
In recent years, we have enhanced step-down care, especially by building community hospitals, for patients who need to stay longer in hospital but do not need high-tech, tertiary care.
Our primary care network includes government polyclinics across the island, and private general practitioner clinics which see a large proportion of outpatient cases. The Community Health Assist Scheme (Chas) now subsidises outpatient care by private GPs, especially for chronic illnesses like diabetes and hypertension.
Currently, our infant mortality rate is 2.2 per 1,000 live births, and life expectancy is 80.9 years for men and 85.5 years for women, among the best in the world. Our national healthcare spending is 4.6 per cent of GDP, lower than most developed countries. Our combination of public and private medical care has delivered good health outcomes at affordable cost.
FUTURE CHALLENGES
The World Bank has ranked Singapore No. 1 in their Human Capital Index, but we have not arrived. We must continue updating our policies to support the changing needs of the economy and the aspirations of our people.
For education, this includes starting earlier in life, improving pre-school and making it more affordable, to bring all children to a more equal starting point.
We need to moderate examination pressures and excessive competitiveness in schools, emphasising character, values and soft skills like teamwork, critical thinking and cross-cultural appreciation. We are investing in lifelong learning, and building an attitude of personal responsibility so that we keep reskilling throughout our working lives.
For healthcare, one challenge is to keep medical costs affordable as medical science progresses, with new and expensive treatments and personalised medicine.
Another is to manage lifestyle-related diseases like diabetes and heart disease. We also have to cope with a rapidly ageing population, which will need more healthcare services - hospitals and nursing homes - and manpower.
Our job is never done, because there will be new levels to reach, and higher expectations to fulfil. But we can be proud of what we have achieved. Our goal is to improve the lives of all Singaporeans. By investing in our people, we have enabled citizens to take charge of their lives, think about their future and decide what they want for their children. This is the way for us to progress together.
Lee Hsien Loong is the Prime Minister of Singapore. This article is adapted from his remarks at the Human Capital Summit Dialogue in Bali on Thursday.
Another is to manage lifestyle-related diseases like diabetes and heart disease. We also have to cope with a rapidly ageing population, which will need more healthcare services - hospitals and nursing homes - and manpower.
Our job is never done, because there will be new levels to reach, and higher expectations to fulfil. But we can be proud of what we have achieved. Our goal is to improve the lives of all Singaporeans. By investing in our people, we have enabled citizens to take charge of their lives, think about their future and decide what they want for their children. This is the way for us to progress together.
Lee Hsien Loong is the Prime Minister of Singapore. This article is adapted from his remarks at the Human Capital Summit Dialogue in Bali on Thursday.
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