28 May 2014
KEEPING OUR PROMISES
Mdm Speaker, I rise in support of the motion. We all want the same thing – to “Secure Our Future Together”. That was the title of the PAP manifesto in 2011. And it stated my Government’s goal: To develop a “fair and inclusive society, where every citizen has a rightful place and the opportunity to fulfil his or her aspirations”. We set out our plans clearly in the manifesto. For example, to develop a vibrant city and an endearing home - by providing high-quality and affordable HDB homes, and enhancing our public transport system. By improving the lives of lower-income Singaporeans, for example by helping them to own their own homes.
We have made steady progress on these programmes over the last three years. We have stabilised the housing market, we have cleared the first-timer queues, we have introduced the Bus Service Enhancement Programme (BSEP) for commuters while we expand the rail network. And we took prudent steps to manage our population, particularly the inflow and the profile of foreign workers. And we have strengthened our social safety nets, and balanced economic growth with social priorities. So today I intend to recap our progress in each of these areas before talking about our agenda for the rest of this term, as it has been set out in the President’s Address.
Housing
Let me start with housing. When Parliament first opened in 2011 this was a big concern for Singaporeans. So the Government mobilised all our resources to tackle this problem. In the last three years, we have built two Clementi new towns worth of Housing Development Board (HDB) flats - 52,000 flats. We have almost doubled the subsidies for the flats, which have been disbursed so as to make the flats more affordable. The situation is now under control, as many MPs have acknowledged - Mr Zainudin Nordin spoke about this, so did Mr Edwin Tong, so did Mr Gan Thiam Poh. I think Minister Khaw Boon Wan, Ministry of National Development (MND) and HDB, they have done a good job - both the political leaders and also the civil servants.
I know that Singaporeans are still focused on housing. On May Day, after the Rally I met a group of pioneer generation unionists. We had a very good chat. They were very happy to be honoured by NTUC and they greatly appreciated the Pioneer Generation Package. So we reminisced about life in their generation, they are only a few years older than me and we got talking about the cost of property. And I said, “Well in those days a 3-room flat cost $8,000.” So two of them said, “No, I only paid $6,800 for my 3-room flat.” And today, that 3-room flat is worth probably more than $300,000. But of course in those days salaries were much lower. So I said, “What is your salary then?” He laughed and said, “I knew you would ask me that question.” And he was paid as a teacher $300 (per month). And for that princely sum, he started paying for an HDB flat. But as Singapore prospered, and the value of their flats rose, they shared in this benefit and today they have sizeable nest-eggs in retirement.
But they said that their children were concerned about housing still being expensive. So I explained what I have explained so many times before – how we are keeping flats affordable for their children’s generation as well. Because HDB home ownership is not just about providing Singaporeans a roof over our heads – it is also to give everyone a stake in the country and it is a very important way by which we boost the assets of the lower-income Singaporeans, level them up and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor in Singapore.
And that is why we have very generous grants to help the low-income and even middle-income households to buy HDB flats. For example, if a $1000 monthly income household is buying a 2-room flat, the grants can come up to two-thirds the value of the 2-room flat - $60,000 to $70,000. These are very significantsubsidies - several years’ worth of wages - to help the lower income own their flats, build their nest-eggs and especially, be ready for retirement. And that is the fundamental reason why we will always keep housing affordable for Singaporeans. So I explained all this. I asked them, “How are your children managing?” “How many children have you got?” “Seven - six married, one staying with me,” he said. “Have they got houses?” “Yes they all have houses.” Affordable?” “Well they all afforded it, but still you know lah.” So we have to continue to explain, to get the message across, to make people understand how unique and special this position is, with a $1000 income you can start to buy an HDB flat and have a substantial nest-egg for your retirement, with the help of this government.
But they said that their children were concerned about housing still being expensive. So I explained what I have explained so many times before – how we are keeping flats affordable for their children’s generation as well. Because HDB home ownership is not just about providing Singaporeans a roof over our heads – it is also to give everyone a stake in the country and it is a very important way by which we boost the assets of the lower-income Singaporeans, level them up and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor in Singapore.
And that is why we have very generous grants to help the low-income and even middle-income households to buy HDB flats. For example, if a $1000 monthly income household is buying a 2-room flat, the grants can come up to two-thirds the value of the 2-room flat - $60,000 to $70,000. These are very significantsubsidies - several years’ worth of wages - to help the lower income own their flats, build their nest-eggs and especially, be ready for retirement. And that is the fundamental reason why we will always keep housing affordable for Singaporeans. So I explained all this. I asked them, “How are your children managing?” “How many children have you got?” “Seven - six married, one staying with me,” he said. “Have they got houses?” “Yes they all have houses.” Affordable?” “Well they all afforded it, but still you know lah.” So we have to continue to explain, to get the message across, to make people understand how unique and special this position is, with a $1000 income you can start to buy an HDB flat and have a substantial nest-egg for your retirement, with the help of this government.
Public Transport
So we have made progress on housing, we are also making progress on public transport. The buses, the BSEP has been rolled out aggressively, even faster than what we originally aimed to do, and I know my residents are very happy with the extra bus services we have and other MPs have received similar feedback from their residents. And I am not surprised that many MPs are now asking for more BSEP bus routes and more buses and more routes will come. For trains, it is still work in progress. Singapore Mass Rapid Transit (SMRT) and Land Transport Authority (LTA) have been working hard to improve services and reduce disruptions and we have also introduced free early morning rides which have helped to spread out the peak hour traffic noticeably. But I know the trains are still crowded at peak hours and we have major plans unfolding over the next two years. New trains are starting to come in, starting late this year, more next year. We are upgrading the signal equipment; we will be started by 2016. So we can expect significant improvements in the train service by next year and this is a problem which we can and we will solve.
Our aim is not just to have more buses and trains running, but to build a first-class public transport system in Singapore. So that people can get around comfortably, efficiently and affordably without needing to own a car. And this is essential to us being a world-class city and an endearing home. You see it in global cities like New York, Hong Kong and Sydney, where many people do not own cars, or even have driving licenses because it is too expensive. The car itself may not be expensive, but buying a parking lot can cost you a fortune, more than the Certificate of Entitlement (COE) in Singapore, and parking in town also is expensive, and more than the Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) cost in Singapore. And so most people take public transport because it is affordable and efficient. Some also cycle, which is not only affordable and efficient but also green, which I think is something we should also encourage in Singapore.
So we should learn from the cities which have good public transport systems, for example, London. I was there recently for Singapore Day, and I decided to take a look at its bus system because LTA was telling me about it. And we have a Singapore company, ComfortDelgro, which is running a significant part of the bus service in London. London runs a hybrid system. The Government, that means, Transport for London (TfL), owns, plans and regulates the whole bus system, the network. So they own the buses, they plan the routes, they set the rules, they tender out routes to operators. The operators take over the equipment, take over the staff, they run the routes for a period. And the operators are private sector and they operate on a fixed-price contract - full profit. The fares are not cheap – per trip, more than S$3, which is 1.5 to 4 times Singapore prices and every year the fares go up, more or less automatically, RPI+X. RPI, the price index, plus X, which is 1% or 2%, because wages go up more than general costs of food and consumables, so every year the prices go up. But even then, it does not cover all the costs, and TfL has to subsidise the service heavily with taxpayers’ money – every year, almost S$1 billion. It works well. It is expensive but it works well and it is a result of many years of experimentation - trial and error, change, and refinement and adaptation both by the regulators as well as by the operators, as well as by the commuters. So we will learn from London and other similar cities to build a first-class public transport system in Singapore.
Running a world-class system means investing more resources. Mr Gerard Ee in The Sunday Times last week put it very, very sharply: You pay for what you get – if you want better quality service, you have to pay more. And one way or the other, the cost comes from the people, either in fares or in subsidies - which means taxes. We have spent, as a Government, large sums on public transport in Singapore - expanding the BSEP, building and upgrading the train network. And we will continue to subsidise public transport so that it is viable even as we improve the frequency and expand the network. But commuters also have to pay their share, because as Mr Gerard Ee said, “We want better service but no fare increase – which is not realistic”. So we have got to find the right balance in cost-sharing between the Government, the private sector and commuters.
Population
A third major issue which has preoccupied us for these last few years has been population. We had a debate on the Population White Paper last year. It was vigorous and emotional. But it helped people to better understand the issue and the Government to work out our plans. We are significantly reducing the inflow of new arrivals – both immigrants as well as foreign workers, making a clear transition in our economy, and we will review our population planning parameters again in a few years’ time, nearer to 2020.
One major issue when we work out our population policy is how many foreign workers to allow in. We have slowed the inflow of foreign workers considerably from what it was in 2010, 2011, but we did not freeze the numbers. The numbers are still growing, but they are growing much more slowly. The inflow of foreign workers per year has almost halved since 2011, and many of these are construction workers, because we have the construction jobs. But if you exclude construction workers, for services, for manufacturing, the foreign workers are only growing one quarter as fast as they used to, in 2011. So it is a very significant tightening, and it is a tightening which has been very painful for our companies, especially the SMEs. Many SMEs are struggling. MPs have spoken up for them in this House – Mr Teo Siong Seng, Mr Gan Thiam Poh. They spoke eloquently. Some of the SMEs have shifted their operations out of Singa¬pore, perhaps to Malaysia. If we squeeze them too hard, they may not survive, and that will mean that many Singa¬porean jobs will be at risk. I attended the SMCCI – the Singapore Malay Chamber of Commerce and Industry – Malay Muslim Business Conference several weeks ago, and met quite a number of Malay SME operators, owners there – young people, ambitious people, people venturing into the region, wanting to do business, seeing the opportunities, unable to get the workers. They asked me to help. I said we will help all our companies, especially SMEs, adapt to an environment where there are fewer foreign workers. And we have many schemes to do that. We have the PIC, the PIC+ – these are productivity grants, and many other schemes which Mr Teo Ser Luck told you about yesterday. But while we can help you to adapt to this environment, we are not able to ease up on the foreign worker limits. Not just because people may or may not be unhappy about the numbers, but because we have to maintain the numbers at the level which is sustainable and which we can physically accommodate in Singapore over the long term. So I hope that they will understand this. But I should say that when we had the debate, the Opposition proposed that we go for zero per cent growth of foreign workers and maintained that this was a good thing and popular. It is a good thing we did not do that, because if we had done that, many more SMEs would have been hurt and many more Singaporeans would have lost their jobs.
Foreign PMEs
One group of foreign workers we are paying close attention to is the foreign PMEs – the Professionals, the Managers, the Executives. The issue here is less about the numbers – because the numbers are not huge, but about the quality of foreign PMEs and also about fair treatment for Singaporean PMEs. So we have been managing the numbers and the profile, and tightening up on the standards expected of Employment Pass and S-Pass holders – the salaries, the qualifications, the experience. We have been developing Singaporean PMEs, professionals. We have offered many Singapore-Industry Scholarships, so that we can develop them with the view to specific jobs and industries. We are ensuring a level playing field through the Fair Consideration Framework, which Dr Amy Khor and Ms Foo Mee Har raised and which Mr Patrick Tay campaigned for for a long time. We will continue to do more to give Singaporean PMEs every opportunity to succeed.
Foreign construction workers
There is another much bigger group of foreign workers which we are managing carefully too, and that is the construction workers. The numbers are much bigger – there are about 300,000 of them. The social impact is much bigger – we have a problem of congestion in Little India on weekends and you saw that we had one riot in December last year. We have tightened up on construction workers too – raising the levies, reducing the quotas, insisting on higher productivity targets and more productive ways of building and constructing new houses and structures. But that is just managing the number of workers needed for doing the jobs. The jobs are there. So we have asked ourselves should we not go further and ask, “Which are those jobs which need to be built urgently?” The private sector, they make their decisions. The Government, we are a significant part of the construction business, and we ask ourselves: Which government projects need to be built; which government projects can be deferred? So when it comes to HDB houses, when it comes to trains, projects which are urgent, we are going full steam ahead. But there are other projects which can wait one or two years. We can defer them, we can study them a bit more, we can phase them out, so that we can spread out the demand for construction workers, and then you will be able to manage the total number of construction workers in Singapore. No ministry volunteers to put off any of their building projects, but the Ministry of Finance is very persuasive. And so they have had very close discussions with the ministries, with the statutory boards, some of which had new offices planned. We were going to build extensions to Gardens by the Bay, on the other side, Marina East. We are planning to build a new Science Centre. These are all good projects, but they will all now take a little bit longer to come. And all together you are talking about not a small sum – $2 billion worth of projects, and we may save, 20,000-30,000 foreign workers that way, which I think will be helpful. These are necessary trade-offs, and I hope Singaporeans will understand.
PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS
I have been reviewing our progress in the first half of this term, but even as we tackle the immediate issues, we have to look to the future. And there are exciting opportunities ahead. Asia is continuing to grow; ASEAN is establishing an ASEAN Community by the end of next year which should give us more opportunities in our neighbouring countries; we are venturing into new industries, new technologies; globalisation is progressing, people talk about big data. We are part of that. We want to be a smart city, a smart nation. But as Mr Sitoh has just pointed out, at same time, we are undergoing very rapid changes. And there are widening inequalities, and this is causing angst and restlessness, not just in Singapore, but in many countries around the world. Take for example China - developing, prospering, becoming middle-income faster than any other country of that size and scale ever in the world. And yet, middle-income families in China feel the same angst as our middle-income families too. They doubt that they can have better lives than their parents, even though their standard of living is already much higher. They worry what the future holds for them, and they are unhappy that some others are doing much better than they themselves are. You would have heard the phrases 官二代 or富二代, that means second-generation child of a high official or second-generation child of a wealthy person. They are envied; everybody else says, where do I go? Although in fact the tide is rising for everybody, but the anxiety, the angst is there, within China. But China causes anxiety elsewhere, in Hong Kong, one country. The Chinese visit as tourists, by the millions, and Hong Kong, the residents protest, bitterly, against the influx of Mainlanders raising their costs of living, buying their milk powder. So they had to impose quotas: per tourist two cans of milk powder are all you are allowed to carry out at the borders. So the Hong Kong residents are anxious, different environment but same sort of anxiety. We look for models around the world and we think of Bhutan. When we had the debate at the opening of Parliament in 2011, Ms Sylvia Lim made a major point about Bhutan. Bhutan was talking about Gross National Happiness, not GNP – Gross National Product, but Gross National Happiness, and they had a fully worked out formula, structure – what do you study, what does happiness consist of; they had Jeffrey Sachs advising them, and it was a whole system. But it was not so simple, and Mr Khaw Boon Wan and some others on our side explained why it was not so simple. But at that time, the Bhutan Government made Gross National Happiness a big part of its agenda. It is a pity that Ms Sylvia Lim did not mention Gross National Happiness when she spoke in the debate today, because I am not sure whether she noticed, but last year there was a general election in Bhutan and the government which proposed Gross National Happiness was voted out. The new Government has come in, and the new Prime Minister has been interviewed and has said that Gross National Happiness was “overused” and it “distracted the Government from the real business at hand”. And what is the real business at hand? He named four: tackling major problems with chronic unemployment, poverty, corruption, and a sense that politicians were too remote. So there is no magic formula which can cause us to solve these problems in the sense of suddenly waking up with no worries. We each confront our own different situations. We each have to manage in our own way and see our situation in perspective. I am not disparaging the efforts of others at all - I am just pointing out that every country has its own challenges, and we should not always believe that the grass is greener on the other side. Sometimes it is; sometimes it is not. And happiness is a state of mind. We can be better off, and yet if we succumb to the urgings of those who promote envy, excite disaffection, then we will always be unhappy; no amount of good things can make us happy. Happiness has to come from within ourselves.
Because Singaporeans experience the same global trends, so it is completely understandable that we too feel anxious and concerned. But there is much that we can and must do, to secure our future and give ourselves greater peace of mind. And we will work hard to fulfil our vision of a “fair and inclusive society, where every citizen has a rightful place and the opportunity to fulfil his or her aspirations”.
How will we do this? We should share the fruits of progress, and strengthen our social safety nets. We should keep pathways upwards open to all. We should fire up the human spirit. And of course, we must get our politics right.
SHARING FRUITS OF PROGRESS; STRENGTHENING SOCIAL SAFETY NETS
First of all, we should share the fruits of progress more widely, and strengthen our social safety nets. That is how we build a fair and inclusive society. That is the yin to complement the yang of self-reliance and competition, which are also necessary.
And indeed this is something we have been doing for many years, since long before I became Prime Minister. When Mr Goh Chok Tong was Prime Minister, he introduced Edusave, Medifund, the HDB Special Housing Assistance Programme and many other schemes targeted to address specific social needs. When I became PM, I built on this and took it further. We introduced ComCare. We introduced Workfare. We introduced Medifund-Silver. And in this 12th Parliament, we have gone even further and we have broken new ground in our social policies. The Government and the community are doing much more to support individuals, and we are helping not only the lower-income Singaporeans, but also middle-income families, through the Special Housing Grant, through the Wage Credit Scheme, through CHAS, the Community Health Assist Scheme, and in the process, MediShield-Life. And we will continue to do more wherever necessary, especially for healthcare and retirement adequacy. And that is why in this latest reshuffle of my ministers, I strengthened the political leadership of the social ministries. I put Sam Tan as MOS in PMO in order to coordinate the social policies and particularly the implementation on the ground, and I put Low Yen Ling as Parliamentary Secretary both in Ministry of Social and Family Development and also in Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth.
Healthcare
One major safety net which we are working on now is MediShield-Life. It is a major improvement over the current MediShield – universal coverage for everybody; it is coverage for life; and it offers better payouts, better protection against very large bills. Of course, because the coverage is better, the premiums have to go up. And I think Singaporeans recognise this, so they want to know what the premiums will be. And as Mr Gan Kim Yong has explained in Budget and also yesterday when he spoke, we will make sure the premiums are affordable for all.
The MediShield-Life Committee has been working on this, consulting, taking views, working out possibilities and they should submit their report soon. I expect by the time Parliament next meets in July, we will be ready to debate that report. MediShield-Life is a very complex undertaking. We must get many important details right. And we must ensure that people understand how it works, and how it affects them individually. That is the reason why I also reinforced the Ministry of Health in the reshuffle - to have Dr Lam Pin Min come in as Minister of State and to have Dr Amy Khor, already in MOH, focussing on MediShield-Life outreach. We have to get it right.
Participation in MediShield-Life is compulsory. You cannot opt out. Different groups have different concerns and we have to make sure that all groups are properly taken care of. For example, for workers we have timed the one per cent point increase in Medisave contributions in January 2015, paid for by the employers, to help workers pay for their MediShield-Life premiums and their other healthcare costs. So there is something coming. And for the lower-income workers particularly, the Government will help them and their families with subsidies on their premiums as Gan Kim Yong has explained.
Retirees are another group. The pioneers are ok, because they are covered by the Pioneer Generation Package. But those not quite old enough to be in the pioneer package, below 65, they also are covered because they will also have subsidies for their premiums. So you do not have worry, it will be ok. There is one special group of retirees which we watch closely, and these are the government pensioners, because we have a responsibility to them. The AUPE General-Secretary Mr Ma Wei Cheng raised them with me recently. Some Government pensioners already enjoy comprehensive medical benefits for themselves and their families, particularly those who retired earlier. They really did not feel that they needed a lot of extra insurance coverage and they wanted to make sure that they did not lose out when MediShield-Life was introduced. Now, we cannot let Government pensioners opt out from MediShield-Life, because this is universal, it is compulsory. But we can make sure that Government pensioners are not adversely affected, and PSD is studying this very carefully together with the unions. After the MediShield-Life report is out, it will announce the details and how it proposes to solve this problem for the pensioners.
The Government will do our part to help Singaporeans with MediShield-Life. And I am confident that employers will help their employees too. NWC has discussed this, and I think they will make some reference to this in the Wage Guidelines this year. Let us work together to get MediShield-Life well launched and well implemented.
Retirement adequacy
Besides healthcare, we are also looking at other aspects of retirement adequacy, and that means in simple terms, a stream of income for people to live on in retirement. There are different approaches to this. The first approach of course, is to work longer so that you continue to have a salary and you are active and you retire later. Meanwhile, while you are working, you can continue to build up for retirement. And we should make it easier for workers who want to work longer to do so. The unions are very keen on this and the workers too. I talked to the unionists, and they are very happy with the RRA (Retirement and Re-employment Act). Workers can now work until 65 generally, and many are already doing so. But now that they are approaching 65, they want to continue working beyond 65. I understand, I sympathise, and we are working towards raising the re-employment age further within a few years. Mr Heng Chee How spoke about this yesterday. So that is one important way of helping.
A second approach is to help older Singaporeans to unlock the value which is in their HDB flats. We have helped them to build it up. We have helped them to own it. And now that they are old, and there is value there, I think we should have ways to help them to draw on this value in a controlled way, to meet their retirement needs. Quite a few people rent out rooms in their HDB flats. Some rent out their whole flats and move in with their children. We already have some schemes to unlock the value of the HDB property. For example, we have the Silver Housing Bonus - if they decide to move out of their flat and into a studio apartment, they get a bonus from the Government. We have the Lease Buyback Scheme, which Ms Lee Bee Wah and Mr Gan Thiam Poh talked about. So if you are willing to shorten the lease on your flat, you get a stream of money, it goes into your CPF Life. So there are ways to do this. Yet, some people still feel “asset rich, cash poor”, as they put it. So MND is studying how we can improve these schemes or come up with different variations which are emotionally more congenial and easier for people to understand and to accept and to use without feeling that they are giving up their homes or are not going to have anything to hand on to their children.
The third approach to retirement adequacy is to improve the CPF scheme and the CPF-LIFE scheme. Many MPs have talked about this – Ms Tin Pei Ling, Mr Zaqy Mohamed, Mrs Lina Chiam. We want to enhance CPF-LIFE so that the payouts can keep pace with the cost of living. We also want to provide stronger assurance in retirement for the lower-income groups, because the lower-income groups may not have very much put away in their CPF, either the RA or the SA or in their house. So these are things we are studying carefully, and which I will say something more about, I hope, come National Day Rally.
Strengthening safety nets is the right thing for us to do. But we have to proceed very, very carefully because it is human nature to want more without wanting to pay more for it. And also, we are going against the tide. We are increasing our social spending, precisely at the time when many other countries in the world – developed countries – are trying to cut theirs. They are looking at Singapore, and they see Singapore as we are today as a very interesting model to learn from. They say we have got it right – small Government, targeted subsidies, good outcomes in healthcare, minimum poverty, low taxes, and a vibrant economy. What is the magic? They want our magic. We believe we need to improve our system, but I think we should not forget that in fact, a lot of things are working in our system and as we try to improve it, let us not break the things which are important and which work well for us.
My fear is not that we will lack good intentions. Good intentions are plenty, and many countries have embarked on this path with every good intention and gone awry. You take, not Greece or Italy or Spain which you know about, but Australia, the lucky country, the richest natural resources per capita in the world probably. In the 1990s and early 2000s, 15, 20 years ago, they ran budget surpluses. And under the Conservatives, the Liberals, under John Howard, they even set up a Future Fund in 2006 to pay for future liabilities out of accumulated surpluses, such as pensions for civil servants. They thought they had money, let us put it away, do not spend it now. This is for the future, for a rainy day. But it never got to the future, because soon after they set up the Fund, the surpluses disappeared. In Australia, general elections are held every three years and every often, elections become auctions. Politicians compete to offer more generous benefits and goodies to the voters, so as to win the votes and outbid their competitors. There was one politician one year who said, I am going to raise the GST, he lost. So now, from setting up the Future Fund in 2006, less than a decade later, Australia is facing chronic deficits. And Tony Abbott, having come in, elected last year, promising not to make budget cuts, they have had to confront the reality and have just announced massive and painful budget cuts. Australia got itself into these difficulties despite their best intentions and their enormous mineral wealth. Imagine how easy it is for Singapore - a small country with no resources to fall into the same problems. So when people say we should stop being paranoid, let us be confident and go forth and spend, I think, only the paranoid survive. Let us be very careful.
KEEPING PATHWAYS UPWARDS OPEN TO ALL
The best way to improve lives is not just to provide safety nets to catch Singaporeans when they fall, but to create ladders of opportunity so that everyone has a chance to succeed, to scale new peaks, regardless of background, regardless of family circumstances. And what do we mean when we say we are keeping pathways open to all? I would like to talk about it in three aspects: One, our schools and education; two, post-schools; and three, the tenor and the tone of our overall society, the ethos of openness and informality which we are trying to maintain in Singapore.
Schools
It starts with schools, because education has been, and remains, an important way to level up. And every Singaporean parent believes that, which is why they pay attention to their kids, they invest in tuition, and they angst enormously over which schools they children are going to get into or be posted to.
We are going to continue to improve the education system, to give every child the opportunity to fulfil his potential, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds. We are improving the quality of education at all levels – affordable pre-schools, heavily subsidised by the Government; more publicly-funded university places; helping ITE and poly students to upgrade and go on to take further courses in life. We are seeking out talented students from humble backgrounds, to encourage them to make the best choice for their education, as Mr Eugene Tan suggested. And the schools have schemes to do this. For example, Raffles Girls’ School (RGS) invites primary schools whose students typically do not apply to RGS to identify promising students who they think could benefit, have a chance. RGS will then meet these students, meet their parents, and encourage them to put down RGS as a school of their choice, and reassure them that if they need to, there will be scholarships, there will be financial assistance, do not be put off because of money worries. So you can make the best judgement based on your abilities, based on which school fits you best. And in every primary school, we have teachers who advise promising students on suitable secondary schools, to bring out the best in their talents and interests. In fact, we have teachers who will advise all the students, whatever their talents, which school will best suit them, where they can get the most and the best education to develop them. So the schools are making the effort, in terms of the content, in terms of the guidance to the students, but also in terms of the tone, the ethos in the schools and the culture. We need to shape the culture in the schools so that students can interact with one another comfortably and without feeling self conscious about one being poorer than the other, one being richer than the other. So for example, starting with this year’s Primary 1 Registration Exercise, we are reserving in every primary school at least 40 places for students with no prior connection to the school, so that we will prevent our schools from becoming closed institutions. We are also exercising restraint in school spending and activities, sometimes having to restrain the schools and ask them not to go overboard in their enthusiasm. For example, raising funds to build infrastructure, which must not be lavish, or planning study trips to exotic and expensive destinations. It is not necessary to go to the other side of the world to learn about the world; there are many things you can learn just in our own neighbourhood. So the key point is, we must not put off students from poorer homes from studying in top schools, because they feel left out, out of place or socially uncomfortable.
In fact, our education system continues to serve children from humble backgrounds well. We still see students winning government scholarships to study overseas from poor homes. There are kids who win scholarships and study overseas from well-off homes too. The difference is kids from well-off homes without the scholarships - they might still go. If I had no scholarship schemes, the kids from poor homes would not have a chance to go. The scholarship scheme serves them.
We had one poly student, we were preparing a declaration for Singapore Airshow, she wrote down on a card her dream – I dream of becoming the CEO of Pratt & Whitney. She posted it. The CEO of Pratt & Whitney came to Singapore Aerospace, saw the card, asked who wrote this, and said “I will offer her an internship”. First step.
There was another student who dropped out of school to take care of his mother. His mother was ill, he went to take care of her, so later on he came back to school, went to Northlight, did well. Went on to ITE and earned the Outstanding Graduate Award for Nitec in Facility Technology. These are people with grit and determination and talent and we will look for them and build them up.
MPs mentioned several other examples too, Mr Hawazi Daipi, Ms Jessica Tan, so did Ms Tin Pei Ling. We know they are there, we will make a special effort to seek them out, and we must continue to give these and many more Singaporeans every chance to succeed.
Post-School
But beyond the schools, keeping paths up open also means giving Singaporeans possibilities to improve themselves throughout their lives.
So we need to strengthen CET – Continuing Education and Training - as Dr Amy Khor and others describe. We just opened the Devan Nair Institute for Employment & Employability on May Day. It is in Jurong East. It is a beautiful institute, it is a one-stop shop for CET - with training providers, classrooms and career counsellors all under one roof. Unions are also with working with employers to conduct courses there, so for example they have the Tripartite Nautical Training Award for students who want to get nautical qualifications and become sea officers and it is at the e2i’s Wavelink Maritime Institute. It is the most impressive facility and the most impressive thing about it is that these are students with passion who have decided that they want to learn to become nautical officers, and who are making the effort to make the grade with help from the Unions and from the Government. I have met many trainees there too who are learning new skills, some who have already graduated and had found better paying jobs. I was very happy that they could seize new opportunities even in mid-career.
That is the first CET Institute, we are building a second one which is the Lifelong Learning Institute in Paya Lebar later this year. So there will be many more opportunities for everyone to pick up and sharpen your skills and that is important not just for rank and file workers, but also for PMEs. Mr Patrick Tay spoke passionately about helping PMEs to cultivate a “second-skill” or to deepen their expertise. The Government will support them together with their employers. But it is not just about the training opportunities. It is really about the whole culture, the whole framework of how people work, study, upgrade, attend courses, are able to change careers and go into second, maybe even third careers in their working lives. You need many more pathways to lead fulfilling lives, so that one’s whole future career is not fixed forever by the time you have left school depending on how you did in school. What you did in school matters, every teacher would tell you that. But it should not be the last word on your life. That is why we set up the ASPIRE Committee under Ms Indranee Rajah and Ms Indranee spoke about this on Monday and come the National Day Rally, I hope we will have something more to say about this.
An open and informal society
Besides our school life and after school, the third aspect of keeping paths up open is to uphold an ethos of openness and informality in our society. What do I mean? We have to be an open and egalitarian society, you must not have rigid hierarchies or class distinctions. People must be able to interact comfortably up and down the social ladder, comfortably and self-confidently, without obsequious scraping and bowing. You may be the prime minister, you may be a cleaner, you may be a teacher, you may be the student’s parent, we are all Singaporeans together, we treat each other with respect, there is an informality, an easy camaraderie. You do not bow deeply, you do not touch your forehead, you do not “yes sir yes sir three bags full”. In Chinese they say “平起平坐” - sit and stand at the same level equal.
The wealthy should not flaunt your wealth. Yes, you have been successful. Just keep a modest, low-key, unassuming approach – nobody will think the less of you. Your status is not marked by the car you drive, or the brand of clothes you wear, nor should be marked by the way you talk. I say that because in Britain that is an issue. And in the old days, the upper classes spoke one kind of English and working classes spoke a different English – very different pronunciation, different terminology and the way you speak. An Englishman is classified by the way he speaks as Bernard Shaw says. Singaporeans must not be like that. We must feel a certain comfort with one another, so neither should you be ostentatious if you are successful, neither should you look down on others because of their physical appearances.
Recently I read about somebody who made a post on her blog poking fun at an older man who had a hole in his shirt. I think that is wrong because an old or torn shirt does not mean he deserves less respect. I wear shirts with holes all the time, not in Parliament. My wife says it has got a hole in it, I tell her there is only one, when it has three I will consider the matter. These are not essential to who you are, what you stand for, what people should think of you. It has to manifest in the way we interact with one another.
One day I went for a walk at the Botanic Gardens at night, I was not watching where I was walking and I bumped into somebody. I apologised. So he looked at me, he recognised me, he says “对不起总理，刚刚下班” – no embarrassment, no obsequiousness, no awkwardness. I said, “对不起”, it is my fault, he walked off, I walked off. I think that is something valuable.
But it is not possible for us to be a completely classless society. There is no such thing in the world. Every society has a natural sorting, a natural pyramid. Those who are in positions of responsibility have to have due regard. At the same time, if you are in a position of responsibility, you must remember you have a duty to the rest of society. Your respect has to be earned, but a society without leaders who are respected, that is doomed to fail. We have to have that respect, a teacher is in the position of respect of responsibility over his students. So is the principal. When a parent interacts with the teacher, you have to understand that, a counter staff is in a position serving the public, when you interact with the counter staff, remember she is serving you, but you owe a responsibility to be respectful of her, to be courteous, to be reasonable. And we have to have that kind of society in order to be able to talk about openness, in order to be able to keep the channels and the flow of people moving up and not being closed off by glass ceilings or magic circles or the sense that you were born wrong or you speak wrong or you dress wrong and ah, that one just does not fit. So that is how we keep ourselves open.
Firing up the human spirit
Strengthening safety nets and keeping paths upwards to all are critical policy shifts. As Ms Tan Su Shan said, these are important domestic issues to address when we look through the microscope. But we must also look through the telescope, and see where we want Singapore to be. We are in a much stronger position today than we have been at any time in our history. Our international standing is high, businesses want to come here, and “Singapore” the brand name stands for something good in the world. We ourselves may not always appreciate this, but many people who visit us are very impressed by what they see. I cast around how I could convey this sense to you, which I feel, which my colleagues feel, which Singaporeans who travel and work abroad feel acutely because they see it. They see the respect that they attract once they say I am from Singapore. So I decided to share with you some of the letters which we get unsolicited. I receive them from time to time, Mr Lee Kuan Yew in his old age also still receives letters from time to time, so I will share one which I got and one which Mr Lee got recently.
I will start with the one which Mr Lee got and was written by an Italian – a lady, her fiancé asked her to come and to work for our Youth Olympic Games (YOG) when we had the YOG in 2010. So she came, she lived here for a while, she has gone back, she is married and she wrote this letter recently to Mr Lee quite unsolicited and she said, “I spent the happiest period of my life in Singapore. I lived with my fiancé in Redhill, a few steps far from the YOG office. I came back to Singapore last August (2013) and saw now that the Alexandra Park connection was completed. I think she means Alexandra Park Connector. Honestly I cried in seeing those places; I have missed them so much after leaving Singapore. But I could meet all my friends and ex-colleagues. They organised my birthday party and eat with them all my favourite food. I am crazy for the carrot cake, the Chinese carrot cake, bak kut teh, dry noodles, rice porridge – the one in the hawker centre in Redhill is amazing – crab, dim sum and many other dishes. Singapore food is simply delicious. I have met great friends and they always keep in touch. Then she talks about others - how she has seen the world and she knows what Singapore is. And she says, I write for a geopolitical analysis website for free and for pleasure. And I wrote an article about the Singapore model in 2012 and one about you that will be published in the next days. In Italy, no one apparently studied or was interested in Singapore so the website director is happy I can write about Singapore. I would like to keep this passion and write more in the future. I hope to have the chance to meet you one day, just to shake your hand and tell you personally how great you are. When I look at my beautiful country ruined by bad politicians, I can assure you both left and right parties have abused their privileges and ruined the country, and bad political choices, I think we would need someone like you to adjust everything. My father is struggling nowadays because of the heavy taxation. He has a land to cultivate and an agency of import-export of agricultural products. He visited me together with my mother in Singapore and was charmed like me. If I can get enough money one day, I will buy a small property so I can spend more days in Singapore maybe with my father if he can still afford the long hours flight and show to my baby how beautiful it is.”
So I think we made a friend. Here is another one. This is a Danish man and he came to Singapore as a student to study in INSEAD – the French MBA programme in Buona Vista. He wrote to me. “Thank you Singapore,” he says, “sometimes you meet people who talk about life changing experiences – and our stay in Singapore was such. Of course studying at INSEAD is that in itself, but attending the school in Singapore somehow just changed me as a person and it is very difficult to pin point what did it. The proudness of the Singaporeans, the climate, the perfectly working infrastructure, the hospitality you meet as a student at INSEAD, the police officers who several times took their time to say hi to my boys on the streets (because he had two sons), the kindliness from everyday people all around, of course it is the sum of all this that makes Singapore what it is to me.”
Then he went back to Fontainbleau in France. “In the next five years a lot happened – I finished my MBA in Fontainebleau, and have had a really exciting and giving career since, thanks to what I had learned at INSEAD. However, we often talked about our time in Singapore, and when we reached the five-year mark for our departure (from Singapore) I took my boys back to visit (Singapore) for three weeks in 2010. And we met no disappointing issues, events or experiences – it was just like coming home. And now it is three years since we visited Singapore – and we still talk about the trip and about how often we can go back. Our hearts stayed in Singapore… So I would come back for most of September this year, (he was writing last year) and hopefully also be able to see the F1 Grand Prix, so we can have the chance to experience that as well. So I just want to say thank you Singapore – for what you have given me and my family. And if I can do anything to give something back, I would be happy to do so. And it could be anything.”
So I think our reputation is well justifiably good and we must build on this reputation, this foundation, aim high, so that Singapore will remain a special place, and we can create an even better future for our children.
This debate has not touched very much on economic policies. It is partly because we had a thorough discussion during the Budget debate in February and March. But I think also because MPs feel that the policies are on track, as many of you have noted. But there is much work ahead in transforming our economy. We must not assume that success is guaranteed, or that we can sit back and relax, or that economic success is unimportant. Sometimes when people talk it sounds like it is passé for you to emphasize economic success. Why are you obsessed with this? Because it is important and if you do not have that, we are in for a zero-sum game and a nasty time. We have to work hard to succeed, Singaporeans do work hard, but others in Asia are working just as hard, some harder and many many are hungrier than we are. We must have that ambition and drive to secure our place among the world’s leading cities, and make ours a city where every citizen can lead a fulfilling life. Then we can grow the pie and give everyone a share of our success. Because otherwise, we will be robbing Peter to pay Paul, and some Singaporeans can gain only if other Singaporeans lose.
So that is what we should be doing - working together to grow. Fulfilment comes not from what others will give to us or do for us, whether individually or as a nation, but what we do for ourselves, and even more importantly what we do for others. We have got to keep Singapore a place where the economy thrives, and the human spirit thrives.
GETTING POLITICS RIGHT
We have policies to create a better Singapore for the future. But the key to realising these policies is to get our politics right. As the President said, we must “maintain constructive politics that puts our nation and our people first”. Politics cannot just be about politics alone because Singaporeans’ lives and our futures are at stake. If you are entering politics the first question you must ask is what do you stand for? What do you believe in? What do you want to achieve in politics for Singaporeans?
So I found it striking that when Mr Low Thia Khiang spoke on Monday on behalf of the opposition, responding to the President’s Address, setting out the government’s agenda and programme for the second half of the term, he had nothing to say about the substance of the government’s programme. No critiques, no suggestions, no alternatives – nothing. There are many sorts of politics, and we have got to get our politics right. We do not want money politics, we do not want power politics, we do not want racial politics, we do not want the politics of envy. Constructive politics can help us to scale new heights. Wrong politics will doom us. So when Mr Low Thia Khiang said and I quote, “To me, in whatever way ‘politics’ is described and coloured, it is still politics”, that was a breathtakingly cynical view of politics.
What is constructive politics? First, it means developing effective policies for Singaporeans. Solving problems, creating opportunities, improving the lives of people. It means having good policies, making difficult trade-offs, but persuading people, leading people to get things done. (Secondly) It means putting forward good people to lead. People capable of integrity and character who can represent Singapore with distinction, who can serve Singapore in an outstanding way. Institutions are important, yes, but equally critical is the quality of the Ministers and MPs, and of those who aspire to be Ministers and MPs.
Thirdly, constructive politics means having a robust and open debate, and not just engaging in “soundbite politics”, if I may quote Dr Puthucheary. You must have a robust and open debate to ensure that proposals are scrutinised, are debated, are argued so that we can find out what the strengths are, identify the weaknesses and the problems and we come up with the best ideas and solutions for Singapore. I am very disappointed that the opposition has offered very little of this in this Parliament. But the scrutiny must extend beyond policies, also to personalities. We have to demand high standards of people in politics. Not through anonymous innuendos or insinuation, especially online, because this is a way to deter good people from entering politics. But responsibly, through open, direct raising of pertinent questions, and establishing the truth, to prevent incompetent, dishonest or self-serving people from getting into positions of responsibility and doing great harm to Singapore. Certainly if ever a PAP MP were accused of making false and untruthful statements, I would get to the bottom of the matter. And if he did not do anything about it, I would come to conclusions as to what sort of MP he was or she was.
Fourthly, constructive politics means maintaining high standards of integrity. Honesty is an absolute necessity and is the key difference between politics in Singa¬pore and in many other countries. We cannot allow flawed people to be immune from scrutiny, because in politics “we can only discuss policies, not personalities” or as Mr Low Thia Khiang said, we believe in “live and let live”.
Fifth, constructive politics means rallying people together for a common cause – to enable us to achieve broad objectives and accommodate our differences. We all have out pet issues, we all have our matters which we want done, our demands of the government. If we each fight our own battles we are just going to checkmate one another. We have to form a broad coalition, compromise among ourselves, be able to set a general direction which achieves 70 – 80 per cent of what each one of us wants. And therefore achieve more for all of us together than we could possibly do by ourselves. It is more difficult now because society is more diverse, interests are less aligned. There are more special interest groups who form more easily. Yet all the more in this environment, we have got to be able to navigate our next phase of nation building together. If we end up with factional politics, each group pushing for its own single issue - it could be race, language, religion – which is disastrous. We could have “Not In My Back Yard” (NIMBY) groups forming, you can have green agenda, you could have those for gay rights, those against gay rights, there is no end to the ways in which we can divide our society in pursuit of political advantage and then our politics would have failed Singapore.
I am describing what constructive politics consists of but honestly constructive politics depends on what we as political leaders do, how we act, the decisions we make, the standards we hold ourselves to. It does not just depend on institutions or culture or a general environment – something vague which I have no control of but causes me to do what I am doing. Yes, values, cultures, institutions all count, but do not blame them for your own decisions and choices you are responsible for them. Have the courage and honesty to take responsibility for what you say and what you do.
I think Dr Janil Puthucheary put it very well yesterday and I will quote him, “What you say and how you say it are both important, as are what you choose to say nothing about. When you fail to acknowledge the good, when you avoid discussion of consequences and trade-offs, when you spend a whole speech attacking one point you disagree with and fail to support all the other points you should agree with, when you incite division in the name of diversity, when you silently support xenophobia in the name of nationalism, these are not the markers of good politics, no matter how much debate and diversity of opinion they reflect”.
The PAP does our best to practise constructive politics. We offer serious policies and debate the trade-offs even when the issues are sensitive, even when they may cost us political brownie points, for example with the Population White Paper. We uphold the highest standards of integrity and we admit wrongdoings and we put them right whether or not it is politically inconvenient or embarrassing. We represent a broad church where Singaporeans accommodate one another to improve and work on our shared goals. We engage many Singaporeans on our shared future – through the Our Singapore Conversation (OSC), MediShield-Life consultations, through our many other exercises. The Opposition may not think this is constructive politics, but I believe it is and I thank the Singaporeans who have given their time and energy to contributing, participating and helping to make Singapore better.
Opposition parties must also uphold the same standards. A case in point: Indranee Rajah on Monday pointed out that the Workers’ Party has flip-flopped on foreign workers. Mr Low Thia Khiang denied this. He said “Whether we flip-flop… No. We are not. If she wishes to have a full debate on that please file a motion, we are prepared to debate that.” Well, Mr Low’s denial is simply false. The Workers’ Party did flip-flop. The record is there in the Hansard, for everyone to see. But his suggestion to file a motion is not a bad idea and I think it is worth considering.
Many other countries have gotten in trouble because they have not gotten their politics to work. Take the US, their politics is in gridlock, the US Government was shut down last year for a couple of weeks. And even after it reopened, the US is unable to tackle its long-term problems.
Thailand, despite having the forms of democracy - Constitution, free media, elections, its politics cannot bridge the deep and fundamental divides in their society. No election, no Constitution can solve this problem, unless the political leaders address these fundamental issues and lead the country together and not apart.
So we have got to maintain constructive politics in Singa¬pore. Develop good policies, solve people’s problems, encourage good people of integrity and character to serve. Help us to make common cause together, to face our future confidently as one people. That is the task which I ask all MPs and political parties to join us in this effort.
Conclusion
Singapore has come a long way. We have overcome the odds by working as one people. Our pioneers sacrificed to build this nation, and set Singapore on a path to development and prosperity. Many of them were MPs in this House, debating vigorously the future of our country, and passing laws that helped build our democracy and society. The best way to honour them is to build on their legacy, and bring Singapore forward. That is how we should celebrate our Golden Jubilee and I think Minister Lawrence Wong will be talking more about SG50 later in the debate.
For some people turning 50 is a mid-life crisis. But as the President reminded us, “At 50, we are still a young nation, with great promise ahead”. The PAP Government has the ideas, the plans, and the team to work with Singa¬poreans, to fulfil this promise, and secure our future together. So join us in this journey, to honour the spirit of our pioneers and build a better Singapore for our children.
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